Negotiation platform in an online environment

ABSTRACT

A method and a system for providing a negotiation platform in the event that a listing fails by becoming inactive without the offering being sold are provided. For example, a negotiation eligibility detector may detect a failed listing of an offering. The listing may be associated with a first user and a first offer. A potential buyer detector may identify at least one potential buyer based on a user action associated with the failed listing. A negotiation manager may be in communication with the negotiation eligibility detector and the potential buyer detector. In response to the detecting of the failed listing and the identifying of the potential buyers, the negotiation manager may transmit a request to the at least one potential buyer for a second offer associated with the failed listing.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/301,211, filed on Jun. 10, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/509,984, filed on Jul. 27, 2009, nowissued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,799,173, which are incorporated by referenceherein in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to the technical field ofonline publication and, in one specific example, to facilitating anegotiation between two parties.

BACKGROUND

An online publication system typically includes one or more postings orlistings that correspond to offerings of goods or services. For example,a listing may include a description of an item and a desired price forthe item. The desired price may be a fixed price or, if the listingcorresponds to an auction, a reserve price to be met by a first bid inthe auction.

Users of an online publication system may be buyers or sellers of theofferings in the listings. Users that are buyers may select a listingfor a wish list or a shopping cart but may not actually buy theoffering. Other users may watch a listing by visiting the listingrepeatedly while the listing remains active.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and limitation in thefigures of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a network diagram depicting a client-server system, withinwhich one example embodiment may be deployed.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting the negotiation systems that, in oneembodiment, are provided as part of the multiple applications.

FIG. 3A is a flowchart of an example process for providing a negotiationplatform according to various embodiments.

FIG. 3B is a flowchart of an example process for identifying one or morepotential buyers according to various embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a set of example user interfaces for determining whether auser is interested in negotiating according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an example of an offer interface for providing an offeraccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of machine in the exampleform of a computer system within which a set of instructions, forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may be executed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example methods and systems to provide a negotiation platform that maybe implemented in an online environment are described. In the followingdescription, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details areset forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of exampleembodiments. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art thatthe present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

A negotiation platform for identifying negotiation participants andinitiating a negotiation session is provided. A negotiation session istypically initiated after an auction or another type of sale results inno buyer having purchased the offering in the listing. One reasonofferings may be unsold is the reserve (or minimum) price may be higherthan the potential buyers are willing to pay. Listings that are nolonger active and that describe unsold offerings are referred to hereinas “failed listings.”

During an auction, or while the listing is active, one or more users maybe identified as being interested in the offering based on, for example,the users viewing the listing of the offering more than once, adding theoffering to a wish list, and/or adding the offering to a shopping cart.These users and the seller are contacted to determine if they wouldconsent to making an offer or accepting a lower offer, respectively. Ifthe seller and at least one of the users consent, a “best offer” flowmay be initiated between the seller and the user.

By initiating a negotiation between the unsuccessful seller and theinterested users, offerings that may not have otherwise been sold may besold. The online environment itself may benefit from increased trafficand a higher rate of completed transactions. Some benefits may include amore efficient method of determining a fair market price for aone-of-a-kind item, increased knowledge about a user's buying habits,and posting fewer listings that are repeats of earlier listings buthaving a lesser reserve price.

Platform Architecture

Some embodiments may be implemented within a client-server system 100 asdepicted in the network diagram of FIG. 1. A networked system 102, inthe example forms of a network-based marketplace or publication system,provides server-side functionality, via a network 104 (e.g., theInternet or Wide Area Network (WAN)) to one or more clients. FIG. 1illustrates, for example, a web client 106 (e.g., a browser, such as theInternet Explorer browser developed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond,Wash. State), and a programmatic client 108 executing on respectiveclient machines 110 and 112.

An Application Program Interface (API) server 114 and a web server 116are coupled to, and provide programmatic and web interfaces respectivelyto, one or more application servers 118. The application servers 118host one or more marketplace applications 120 and payment applications122. The application servers 118 are, in turn, shown to be coupled toone or more databases servers 124 that facilitate access to one or moredatabases 126.

The marketplace applications 120 may provide a number of marketplacefunctions and services to users that access the networked system 102.The payment applications 122 may likewise provide a number of paymentservices and functions to users. The payment applications 122 may allowusers to accumulate value (e.g., in a commercial currency, such as theU.S. dollar, or a proprietary currency, such as “points”) in accounts,and then later to redeem the accumulated value for products (e.g., goodsor services) that are made available via the marketplace applications120. While the marketplace and payment applications 120 and 122 areshown in FIG. 1 to both form part of the networked system 102, it willbe appreciated that, in alternative embodiments, the paymentapplications 122 may form part of a payment service that is separate anddistinct from the networked system 102.

Further, while the system 100 shown in FIG. 1 employs a client-serverarchitecture, the present disclosure is, of course, not limited to suchan architecture, and could equally well find application in adistributed, or peer-to-peer, architecture system, for example. Thevarious marketplace and payment applications 120 and 122 could also beimplemented as standalone software programs, which do not necessarilyhave networking capabilities.

The web client 106 accesses the various marketplace and paymentapplications 120 and 122 via the web interface supported by the webserver 116. Similarly, the programmatic client 108 accesses the variousservices and functions provided by the marketplace and paymentapplications 120 and 122 via the programmatic interface provided by theAPI server 114. The programmatic client 108 may, for example, be aseller application (e.g., the TurboLister application developed by eBayInc., of San Jose, Calif.) to enable sellers to author and managelistings on the networked system 102 in an off-line manner, and toperform batch-mode communications between the programmatic client 108and the networked system 102.

FIG. 1 also illustrates a third party application 127, executing on athird party server machine 130, as having programmatic access to thenetworked system 102 via the programmatic interface provided by the APIserver 114. For example, the third party application 127 may, utilizinginformation retrieved from the networked system 102, support one or morefeatures or functions on a website hosted by the third party. The thirdparty website may, for example, provide one or more promotional,marketplace or payment functions that are supported by the relevantapplications of the networked system 102.

When an offering listed for sale in the marketplace applications 120does not sell, a negotiation may be initiated between the seller and oneor more potential buyers. The offering may be listed as an auctionoffering or associated with a fixed price. As shown in greater detail inthe block diagram of FIG. 2, negotiation systems 128 provide interfacesand/or communications to host a negotiation between a seller and atleast one potential buyer. The methods being executed by the negotiationsystems 128 may terminate upon a transaction being agreed upon betweenthe seller and one of the potential buyers and/or a determination thatno transaction will occur.

After a listing has been published and the selling period has endedwithout a buyer of the offering in the listing, a negotiationeligibility detector 202 within the negotiation systems 128 maydetermine that the listing may be eligible for a negotiation. Thenegotiation eligibility detector 202 may provide an interface to aseller who posted the listing that allows the seller to provide anindication that he/she is willing to negotiate with potential buyers asshown in FIG. 4. In some instances, the interface may be provided to theseller at the time the seller posts the listings and/or when the sellingperiod has ended.

Prior to initiating a negotiation, a potential buyer detector 204 withinthe negotiation system 128 may, in some instances, communicate with theother applications to identify one or more potential buyers. Thepotential buyers may be identified based on a user action performed by apotential buyer in connection with the offering. The user action mayinclude, for example, placing the offering or the listing on a wishlist. Other systems may record browsing history based on which thenegotiation system 128 may determine that the user is a potential buyer.The potential buyer detector 204 may or may not provide an interface tothe potential buyer that allows the potential buyer to indicate aninterest in negotiating with the seller for the offering identified inthe listing as shown in FIG. 4.

A negotiation manager 206 within the negotiations system 128 operates tohost or conduct a negotiation between the seller and one or more of thepotential buyers. To conduct the negotiation, the negotiation manager206 may provide an interface (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5) for thepotential buyer and/or the seller to provide one or more terms. Examplesof terms that may be provided include, but are not limited to, price,discounted or premium shipping, packages including additional offerings(e.g., including additional accessories or a “two-for-the-price-of-one”deal), a modified return policy, concessions, etc.

In some instances, a negotiation interface may comprise a number ofoptions for the potential buyer and/or the seller to provide new terms.For example, the interface may provide options for specifying a price,for text input, checkboxes for selecting from a number of choices (e.g.,check boxes for various shipping choices), or the like. In someinstances, the negotiation manager 206 may provide only a limited numberof options (e.g., only price). The limited options may be selected bythe negotiation manager 206, by the seller, and/or by at least one ofthe potential buyers.

Once an input has been provided by the seller and/or the one or morebuyers, the negotiation manager 206 may present the offers provided bythe potential buyers to the seller. In some instances, and particularlywhere the only term being negotiated is price, only the “best offer”(i.e., highest price offered by a potential buyer) may be provided tothe seller. In other embodiments, where terms in addition to price arebeing negotiated, the “best offer” may be selected based on other termssuch as shipping preferences, return policy, warranties, payment options(including financing), etc. When a seller receives an offer from one ofthe potential buyers and accepts the offer, the transaction is complete.

The seller may be able to provide a minimum price, in some embodiments.In these embodiments, only offers that meet or exceed the minimum priceare provided to the seller. If no offers are received that meet theminimum price, the seller may be provided with an interface to modifythe minimum price.

Flowcharts

FIG. 3A is a flowchart of an exemplary process 300 for providing anegotiation platform according to various embodiments. The exemplaryprocess 300 may be performed by, for example, the negotiation system 128of FIG. 2.

In an operation 302, a determination may be made that a sale is endedwithout a buyer by the negotiation eligibility detector 202 of FIG. 2.The sale may be, for example, an auction listing or a fixed pricelisting. The determination may be based on an elapsed period of timesince the listing was published.

In an operation 304, one or more users may be identified as potentialbuyers by the potential buyer detector 204 of FIG. 2. The identificationmay be based on one or more user actions as described above inconnection with the potential buyer detector 204.

In an operation 306, a determination is made by the negotiation manager206 of FIG. 2 that the seller has a lower price that he/she is willingto accept. The determination may be based on input received at the timethe listing was initially posted and/or once operation 302 is performed.In some instances, a the number of potential buyers that have beenidentified may be displayed to the seller. If the seller does not have alower price, the negotiation is ended in an operation 318.

If the seller does have a lower price, in an operation 308, anotherdetermination is made by the negotiation manager 206 that at least onepotential buyer is willing to make an offer. If none of the potentialbuyers are willing to make an offer, the negotiation ends in anoperation 318.

If at least one of the potential buyers is willing to make an offer, theprocess 300 proceeds to operation 310 where at least one offer isreceived by the negotiation manager 206 from at least one of thepotential buyers.

In some embodiments, the operations 306, 308, and 310 includes a timelimit during which the seller and/or the potential buyers are allowed tosubmit offers. The time limit may be a period of hours, days, weeks, ormonths during which offers can be submitted. The time limit may bemeasured from when the when the sale ended without a buyer, when thelisting was first published, when the seller submit a lower price, whena potential buyer was identified, or upon receipt of a first orsubsequent offer from a potential buyer. Once the time limit is passed,the negotiation is closed in the operation 318.

In an operation 312, the best offer of the offers may be determined. Ifthe offers include multiple terms, the offers may be provided directlyto the seller. In embodiments where the seller has specified a lowerprice, the best offer may be compared to the lower price in an operation314. If the best offer is less than the process 300 may end in operation318, or, in some embodiments, may return to operation 306 to solicit alower price from the seller (not shown).

In an operation 316, if the best offer meets or exceeds the price or theseller accepts an offer from one of the potential buyers, thetransaction is facilitated based on the negotiated terms.

FIG. 3B is a flowchart of an example process 350 for identifying one ormore potential buyers according to various embodiments. The process 350may or may not be performed as part of operation 304 or operation 308 ofprocess 300.

In an operation 352, a potential buyer is identified as a user who hasviewed the listing. Some embodiments may use additional or alternativecriteria to identify a potential buyer. Once a potential buyer isidentified, a score may be associated with the potential buyer in anoperation 354. The score may be calculated as the user performs one ormore additional user actions associated with the listing or after thesale has ended.

To calculate the score, one or more user actions may be identified. Forthe purposes of illustration, only two such factors are included in theexample process 350. It is understood that fewer or more factors may beconsidered. In an operation 356, a first factor, whether the user hasviewed the listing again, is determined. If the user has viewed thelisting again, the score is incremented in the step 358. In someinstances, the score may or may not be incremented each time thepotential buyer views the listing.

In an operation 360, a second factor, if the potential buyer has addedthe listing to a wishlist, is considered. If the listing has been added,the score may be incremented in a step 362. In some instances, thesecond factor may have greater weight than the second factor, or viceversa.

It is noted that some factors may increment and/or decrement the scoreof the potential buyer. Some factors may be used to screen the potentialbuyers. For example, a reputation or geographic location of thepotential buyer may be considered as a factor. If a user lives inanother country, the user's score may be decremented, for example.Further, a reputation score may be used as a multiplier of the user'sscore. In some instances, the seller may select one or more factors forscreening potential buyers.

In an operation 364, a determination is made that the score meets (orexceeds) a threshold. If it does not meet the threshold, the scoringends in an operation 368. If, however, the score meets the threshold,the potential buyer may be invited to participate in a negotiation in anoperation 366.

User Interfaces

FIG. 4 is a set of an example user interfaces for determining whether auser is interested in negotiating according to an embodiment. Firstinterface 400 may be displayed to the seller of the failed listing. Theinterface 400 may include an option to agree to negotiation, an optionto decline negotiation, and/or an option to delay negotiation. Theinterface 400 may be provided as part of another interface or may beprovided by itself (e.g., as a pop-up window). While the depictedinterface is specific to instances where the sale has already failed,the interface may be modified to be provided when the listing is createdby the seller, during the sale, and/or after the sale has failed. Insome instances, the first interface 400 may additionally include a clockthat indicates time limit after which no new offers can be submitted.

The second interface 450 may be provided to the potential buyer afterthe listing has failed and/or upon the occurrence of another event. Thesecond interface 450 may also include a clock indicating a time limit.In some instances, the second interface 450 may be modified if apotential buyer adds the listing to a wishlist or a shopping cart whilethe sale is still in progress.

FIG. 5 is an example of an offer interface 500 for providing an offeraccording to an embodiment. The offer interface 500 may be provided tothe buyer and/or the seller. In some instances, the offer interface 500may be different for the potential buyers and/or the seller. An offerinterface 500 may be modified by the seller to include more or feweroptions that can selected by a potential buyer. For example, a sellermay wish to restrict the negotiable terms to just price. While optionsfor the terms, “price,” “shipping options,” payment options” and “other”are shown, it is appreciated that more or fewer options may be provided.In some instances, the offer interface may include an option to set atime limit during which the offer can be accepted or to condition atleast on portion of the offer on receiving a reply within a specifiedtime limit. For example, an offer may include a condition that thepotential buyer replies within a certain period of time (e.g., 24 hours)to receive free shipping. Further, the terms may be input using featuressuch as, but not limited to, text boxes (including number boxes),checkboxes, radio buttons, and drop-down menus. Further, securityfeatures, such as CAPTCHA boxes, may be included in the offer interface450.

FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of machine in the exampleform of a computer system 600 within which a set of instructions, forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may be executed. In alternative embodiments, themachine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g.,networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine mayoperate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in server-clientnetwork environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (ordistributed) network environment. The machine may be a server computer,a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box(STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a webappliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable ofexecuting a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specifyactions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a singlemachine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken toinclude any collection of machines that individually or jointly executea set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more ofthe methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 600 includes a processor 602 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU) a graphics processing unit (GPU) or both),a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, which communicate with eachother via a bus 608. The computer system 600 may further include a videodisplay unit 610 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode raytube (CRT)). The computer system 600 also includes an alphanumeric inputdevice 612 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 614 (e.g., amouse), a disk drive unit 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., aspeaker) and a network interface device 620.

The disk drive unit 616 includes a machine-readable medium 622 on whichis stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software 624)embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions describedherein. The software 624 may also reside, completely or at leastpartially, within the main memory 604 and/or within the processor 602during execution thereof by the computer system 600, the main memory 604and the processor 602 also constituting machine-readable media.

The software 624 may further be transmitted or received over a network626 via the network interface device 620.

While the machine-readable medium 622 is shown in an example embodimentto be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should betaken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralizedor distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) thatstore the one or more sets of instructions. The term “machine-readablemedium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by themachine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies of the present invention. The term “machine-readablemedium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to,solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media, and carrier wavesignals.

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules (e.g., detectors 202 and204 and manager 206) may constitute either software modules (e.g., codeembodied on a machine-readable medium or in a transmission signal) orhardware modules. A hardware module may be a tangible unit capable ofperforming certain operations and may be configured or arranged in acertain manner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems(e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or morehardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group ofprocessors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application orapplication portion) as a hardware module that operates to performcertain operations as described herein.

In various embodiments, a hardware module may be implementedmechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware module maycomprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured(e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gatearray (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) toperform certain operations. A hardware module may also compriseprogrammable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within ageneral-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that istemporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. Itwill be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware modulemechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or intemporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may bedriven by cost and time considerations.

Accordingly, the term “hardware module” should be understood toencompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired) or temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner and/or toperform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments inwhich hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed),each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated atany one instance in time. For example, where the hardware modulescomprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, thegeneral-purpose processor may be configured as respective differenthardware modules at different times. Software may accordingly configurea processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module atone instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at adifferent instance of time.

Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardwaremodules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multipleof such hardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may beachieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuitsand buses) that connect the hardware modules. In embodiments in whichmultiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated at differenttimes, communications between such hardware modules may be achieved, forexample, through the storage and retrieval of information in memorystructures to which the multiple hardware modules have access. Forexample, one hardware module may perform an operation, and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a latertime, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modulesreferred to herein may, in some example embodiments, compriseprocessor-implemented modules.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of amethod may be performed by one or processors or processor-implementedmodules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributedamong the one or more processors, not only residing within a singlemachine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some exampleembodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a singlelocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as aserver farm), while in other embodiments the processors may bedistributed across a number of locations.

Thus, a method and system to provide a negotiation platform have beendescribed. Although the present invention has been described withreference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident thatvarious modifications and changes may be made to these embodimentswithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention.Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quicklyascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted withthe understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit thescope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing DetailedDescription, it can be seen that various features are grouped togetherin a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure.This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting anintention that the claimed embodiments require more features than areexpressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claimsreflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of asingle disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are herebyincorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing onits own as a separate embodiment.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a network-based negotiationplatform having one or more processors and a memory storing instructionsthat, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or moreprocessors to perform operations comprising: detecting, by a negotiationeligibility detector, that a listing associated with a seller is afailed listing; identifying, by a potential buyer detector, a user as apotential buyer to participate in a negotiation with the sellerregarding the failed listing, the identifying comprising associating ascore with the potential buyer, the score being adjusted based on useractions performed by the potential buyer with respect to the failedlisting; and in response to a selection to start a negotiation session,causing, by the negotiation manager on a device of the seller or thedevice of the potential buyer, display of an offer interface presentingone or more input features each for receiving a new term in thenegotiation session.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operationsfurther comprise causing display of an invitation user interface on thedevice of the potential buyer, the invitation user interface comprisingselectable options to start a negotiation session associated with thefailed listing, refuse the negotiation session associated with thefailed listing, or delay the negotiation process associated with thefailed listing.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein adjusting of the scorecomprises incrementing the score with each successive user actionperformed by the potential buyer with respect to the failed listing. 4.The system of claim 1, wherein the identifying of the potential buyercomprises: modifying the score based on a reputation score of thepotential buyer; and determining that the modified score meets orexceeds a threshold.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the identifyingof the potential buyer comprises: modifying the score based on ageographic location associated with the potential buyer; and determiningthat the modified score meets or exceeds a threshold.
 6. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: receiving at least tworespective offers from at least two respective potential buyers;selecting a best offer from the at least two respective offers; andcausing display of the best offer to the seller.
 7. The system of claim1, wherein the one or more input features on the offer interfacecomprises an input feature for input of a price, a shipping option, apayment option, or an additional offering.
 8. The system of claim 1,wherein the causing display of the offer interface comprises including asecurity feature on the offer interface, the security feature comprisinga CAPTCHA box.
 9. A method comprising: detecting, using a hardwareprocessor of a negotiation eligibility detector, that a listingassociated with a seller is a failed listing; identifying, by apotential buyer detector, a user as a potential buyer to participate ina negotiation with the seller regarding the failed listing, theidentifying comprising associating a score with the potential buyer, thescore being adjusted based on user actions performed by the potentialbuyer with respect to the failed listing; and in response to a selectionto start a negotiation session, causing, by the negotiation manager on adevice of the seller or the device of the potential buyer, display of anoffer interface presenting one or more input features each for receivinga new term in the negotiation session.
 10. The method of claim 9,further comprising causing display of an invitation user interface onthe device of the potential buyer, the invitation user interfacecomprising selectable options to start a negotiation session associatedwith the failed listing, refuse the negotiation session associated withthe failed listing, or delay the negotiation process associated with thefailed listing.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting of thescore comprises incrementing the score with each successive user actionperformed by the potential buyer with respect to the failed listing. 12.The method of claim 9, wherein the identifying of the potential buyercomprises: modifying the score based on a reputation score of thepotential buyer; and determining that the modified score meets orexceeds a threshold.
 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the identifyingof the potential buyer comprises: modifying the score based on ageographic location associated with the potential buyer; and determiningthat the modified score meets or exceeds a threshold.
 14. The method ofclaim 9, further comprising: receiving at least two respective offersfrom at least two respective potential buyers; selecting a best offerfrom the at least two respective offers; and causing display of the bestoffer to the seller.
 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or moreinput features on the offer interface comprises an input feature forinput of a price, a shipping option, a payment option, or an additionaloffering.
 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the causing display of theoffer interface comprises including a security feature on the offerinterface, the security feature comprising a CAPTCHA box.
 17. Anon-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions that, whenexecuted by the one or more processors of a machine, cause the machineto perform operations comprising: detecting that a listing associatedwith a seller is a failed listing; identifying a user as a potentialbuyer to participate in a negotiation with the seller regarding thefailed listing, the identifying comprising associating a score with thepotential buyer, the score being adjusted based on user actionsperformed by the potential buyer with respect to the failed listing; andin response to a selection to start a negotiation session, causing, on adevice of the seller or the device of the potential buyer, display of anoffer interface presenting one or more input features each for receivinga new term in the negotiation session.
 18. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations furthercomprise causing display of an invitation user interface on the deviceof the potential buyer, the invitation user interface comprisingselectable options to start a negotiation session associated with thefailed listing, refuse the negotiation session associated with thefailed listing, or delay the negotiation process associated with thefailed listing.
 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim17, wherein the one or more input features on the offer interfacecomprises an input feature for input of a price, a shipping option, apayment option, or an additional offering.
 20. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the causing display of theoffer interface comprises including a security feature on the offerinterface, the security feature comprising a CAPTCHA box.